Prerequisite Knowledge of AMS&CEPC Dev Group (w.i.p.)

Essential Mathematic Materials

1. Advanced Mathematics or Mathematical Analysis

   Normally, just learning advanced mathematics is enough.

   • Recommended Materials: Mathematical Analysis, Zorich is a good book, although it is a little difficult.

     Problems in Mathematical Analysis by G.M. Fikhtengolts, G.M. Fikhtengolts. This book is suitable for students of all backgrounds.

2. Linear Algebra

   • Recommended Materials: Introduction to Linear Algebra, Gilbert Strang

   • Recommended Courses: textbook corresponding course can be found here .

3. Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics

   The section on mathematical statistics is the main focus of study, and there isn’t much new in the probability theory.

   • Recommended Materials: 概率论与数理统计, 陈希孺

4. Tensor Analysis (Optional)

   If your focus is on theory or if you wish to learn some knowledge on the Standard Model, please study some tensor analysis.

   • Recommended Materials: 物理学中的张量分析, 刘连寿, 郑小平

     Partly notes for this book can be viewed on the webpage: https://albertc9.github.io/categories/Tensor-Analysis/ .When reading this book, you may skip the sections on Minkowski space as they are more relevant to general relativity rather than high-energy particles.

5. Mathematical Methods for Physics (If Possible)

   Having a solid foundation in mathematics will be very helpful. This can also serve as a reference book.

   • Recommended Materials: Mathematical Methods for Physics, Qiao GU

Essential Physics Materials

1. Classical Mechanics

   • Recommended Materials: 力学, 舒幼生

2. Classical Electromagnetic

3. Particle Physics

   Particle physics is divided into two stages: particle physics and the Standard Model. The Standard Model is optional; after gaining a basic or even a quick understanding of particle physics, you can proceed to study the knowledge of detectors. Particle physics can be learned as a supplement, and the main focus should be on detectors.
   Attention: This is not to say that the theoretical foundation of particle physics is unimportant, but rather that it is not necessary to study it too deeply. For those focusing on theory, it is important to learn the Standard Model.

   For particle physics:

   • Recommended Materials: David Tong: Lectures on Particle Physics, David Tong
   • Also, we have prepared courseware for reference. For e-materials, please see Prepared E-materials section in the starting page.

   For the Standard Model:

   • Recommended Materials: An Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics, W. N. Cottingham and D. A. Greenwood

     Partly notes for this book can be found here .

   • Recommended Courses can be found here .

   David Tong’s book is visually striking and very easy to understand. It is based on his lecture notes on the CERN Summer School. It is suitable for students with some background to quickly grasp the relevant knowledge of particle physics.

   The book written by Prof. Cottingham and Greenwood is indeed an excellent one. It dedicates a significant portion to introducing the necessary, closely related, and important fundamental mathematical physics knowledge before formally presenting the Standard Model. It is suitable for students with a strong mathematical background (especially in tensor analysis); the background in physics is comparatively less important, as the essential parts are thoroughly covered in the book.

4. Analog Circuits

5. Digital Circuits

Essential Programming Knowledge

1. C++ (strongly recommended) or Python

C++ is the main programming base language for this project, especially in ROOT. Of course, there is also a PyRoot version of ROOT (python based), but it doesn’t fit with the prevailing language conventions of the project. Therefore, C++ is recommended.

• Recommended Materials: C++ Primer, Stanley B. Lippman, Josée Lajoie, Barbara E. Moo

By the way, it is highly recommended that you standardize your code style when you first start learning C++. In fact, most of the software frameworks and detector algorithms are completed by multiple people, even from different groups. Reading the following materials can develop a good practice, and it is internationally recognized:

• Recommended Materials: Google Cpp Style Guide (you can find it here )

2. ROOT

Root is important, necessary, and cannot be replaced here. All about Root can be found on its official website ,including its introduction, guide and learning path.

Here, I prefer show you ROOT e-materials provided by Beginner’s Guide：Possible Starting Pathway again. CERN has provided the ROOT introductory course materials and some lecture notes, slides, and exercises from the ROOT Summer School .

Here are also the materials from the 2024 summer workshop on how to analyze data in Python using PyROOT or Scikit-HEP tools. This workshop is primarily aimed at HEP beginners who want to quickly grasp the basic knowledge of the software, as well as non-expert self-learners who wish to ensure no gaps in their knowledge. These materials are optional and not as important as the materials mentioned above.

3. Geant4

Geant4 is a toolkit to create simulations of the passage of particles or radiation through matter. Applications built on Geant4 can simulate any setup or detector and radiation source, and record chosen output of physical quantities due to source particles and secondaries interacting with the material of the setup. For more introduction of Geant4, please see the official website of introduction to Geant4 .

About How to install Geant4 on your computer, please see twiki , here , or here (Chinese version) .

Generally, group members use the packaged software on the computing platform of IHEP. If need, please contact your tutor.

Recommended Particle Detector Materials

The reason for listing particle detectors separately here is due to their particular importance. Particle experimental physics is a field that requires a solid technical foundation, statistical knowledge, imagination, and judgment. A deep and strong foundation of knowledge is crucial for research. Below are some recommended textbooks:

• Particle Detectors, Claus Grupen and Boris Shwartz.
  This book covers a wealth of content, ranging from the oldest detectors to the most recent advanced detectors, from the simplest detector units to complex, sophisticated, and large-scale detection devices. It also dedicates a significant portion to discussing the electronics related to detectors in detail and introduces the relationship between raw data and the final experimental results. It can be used as an important textbook for learning. The quotations at the beginning of each chapter are also very insightful and thought-provoking.

• 粒子探测技术, 汪晓莲, 李澄, 绍明, 陈宏芳
  This textbook can be used as an introductory guide. Later on, we have prepared tasks and reflection questions for self-assessment, which are based on the framework of this book.

• Particle Physics Reference Library Volume 2 Detectors for Particles and Radiation, Christian W. Fabjan, Herwig Schopper
  This book comes from CERN and is extremely comprehensive, with over a thousand pages. It can be read as an important reference material.